visual studios openning code

[pistolpete1]

Write your question here. I am starting a class using visual studios for c++ in windows desktop controls. I did the initial Hello World that all courses start with and had an empty editor to work with. When I openned the next new project this code was already present does anyone one know what might have changed.
Thanks you for any tips

 // Code for cplusplus sight.cpp : Defines the entry point for the application.
//

#include "framework.h"
#include "Code for cplusplus sight.h"

#define MAX_LOADSTRING 100

// Global Variables:
HINSTANCE hInst;                                // current instance
WCHAR szTitle[MAX_LOADSTRING];                  // The title bar text
WCHAR szWindowClass[MAX_LOADSTRING];            // the main window class name

// Forward declarations of functions included in this code module:
ATOM                MyRegisterClass(HINSTANCE hInstance);
BOOL                InitInstance(HINSTANCE, int);
LRESULT CALLBACK    WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);
INT_PTR CALLBACK    About(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);

int APIENTRY wWinMain(_In_ HINSTANCE hInstance,
                     _In_opt_ HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
                     _In_ LPWSTR    lpCmdLine,
                     _In_ int       nCmdShow)
{
    UNREFERENCED_PARAMETER(hPrevInstance);
    UNREFERENCED_PARAMETER(lpCmdLine);

    // TODO: Place code here.

    // Initialize global strings
    LoadStringW(hInstance, IDS_APP_TITLE, szTitle, MAX_LOADSTRING);
    LoadStringW(hInstance, IDC_CODEFORCPLUSPLUSSIGHT, szWindowClass, MAX_LOADSTRING);
    MyRegisterClass(hInstance);

    // Perform application initialization:
    if (!InitInstance (hInstance, nCmdShow))
    {
        return FALSE;
    }

    HACCEL hAccelTable = LoadAccelerators(hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDC_CODEFORCPLUSPLUSSIGHT));

    MSG msg;

    // Main message loop:
    while (GetMessage(&msg, nullptr, 0, 0))
    {
        if (!TranslateAccelerator(msg.hwnd, hAccelTable, &msg))
        {
            TranslateMessage(&msg);
            DispatchMessage(&msg);
        }
    }

    return (int) msg.wParam;
}



//
//  FUNCTION: MyRegisterClass()
//
//  PURPOSE: Registers the window class.
//
ATOM MyRegisterClass(HINSTANCE hInstance)
{
    WNDCLASSEXW wcex;

    wcex.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);

    wcex.style          = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
    wcex.lpfnWndProc    = WndProc;
    wcex.cbClsExtra     = 0;
    wcex.cbWndExtra     = 0;
    wcex.hInstance      = hInstance;
    wcex.hIcon          = LoadIcon(hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDI_CODEFORCPLUSPLUSSIGHT));
    wcex.hCursor        = LoadCursor(nullptr, IDC_ARROW);
    wcex.hbrBackground  = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW+1);
    wcex.lpszMenuName   = MAKEINTRESOURCEW(IDC_CODEFORCPLUSPLUSSIGHT);
    wcex.lpszClassName  = szWindowClass;
    wcex.hIconSm        = LoadIcon(wcex.hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDI_SMALL));

    return RegisterClassExW(&wcex);
}

//
//   FUNCTION: InitInstance(HINSTANCE, int)
//
//   PURPOSE: Saves instance handle and creates main window
//
//   COMMENTS:
//
//        In this function, we save the instance handle in a global variable and
//        create and display the main program window.
//
BOOL InitInstance(HINSTANCE hInstance, int nCmdShow)
{
   hInst = hInstance; // Store instance handle in our global variable

   HWND hWnd = CreateWindowW(szWindowClass, szTitle, WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
      CW_USEDEFAULT, 0, CW_USEDEFAULT, 0, nullptr, nullptr, hInstance, nullptr);

   if (!hWnd)
   {
      return FALSE;
   }

   ShowWindow(hWnd, nCmdShow);
   UpdateWindow(hWnd);

   return TRUE;
}

//
//  FUNCTION: WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM)
//
//  PURPOSE: Processes messages for the main window.
//
//  WM_COMMAND  - process the application menu
//  WM_PAINT    - Paint the main window
//  WM_DESTROY  - post a quit message and return
//
//
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
    switch (message)
    {
    case WM_COMMAND:
        {
            int wmId = LOWORD(wParam);
            // Parse the menu selections:
            switch (wmId)
            {
            case IDM_ABOUT:
                DialogBox(hInst, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDD_ABOUTBOX), hWnd, About);
                break;
            case IDM_EXIT:
                DestroyWindow(hWnd);
                break;
            default:
                return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam);
            }
        }
        break;
    case WM_PAINT:
        {
            PAINTSTRUCT ps;
            HDC hdc = BeginPaint(hWnd, &ps);
            // TODO: Add any drawing code that uses hdc here...
            EndPaint(hWnd, &ps);
        }
        break;
    case WM_DESTROY:
        PostQuitMessage(0);
        break;
    default:
        return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam);
    }
    return 0;
}

// Message handler for about box.
INT_PTR CALLBACK About(HWND hDlg, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
    UNREFERENCED_PARAMETER(lParam);
    switch (message)
    {
    case WM_INITDIALOG:
        return (INT_PTR)TRUE;

    case WM_COMMAND:
        if (LOWORD(wParam) == IDOK || LOWORD(wParam) == IDCANCEL)
        {
            EndDialog(hDlg, LOWORD(wParam));
            return (INT_PTR)TRUE;
        }
        break;
    }
    return (INT_PTR)FALSE;
}

[George P]

That's default templated code used by VS when using the Windows Desktop Wizard to create a Desktop (Win32) application. Using the project name you supply.

The wizard by default can generate a lot of files I don't use or need. Especially when setting the precompiled header option.

Here's the template code for a Console application:

// Project3.cpp : This file contains the 'main' function. Program execution begins and ends there.
//

#include <iostream>

int main()
{
    std::cout << "Hello World!\n";
}

// Run program: Ctrl + F5 or Debug > Start Without Debugging menu
// Debug program: F5 or Debug > Start Debugging menu

// Tips for Getting Started: 
//   1. Use the Solution Explorer window to add/manage files
//   2. Use the Team Explorer window to connect to source control
//   3. Use the Output window to see build output and other messages
//   4. Use the Error List window to view errors
//   5. Go to Project > Add New Item to create new code files, or Project > Add Existing Item to add existing code files to the project
//   6. In the future, to open this project again, go to File > Open > Project and select the .sln file 

Useless, useless, useless fluff and flummery IMO.

Personally I never let the wizard create any project files for me, I always create an "empty project" and then add/create any files I need.

Here's my "boilerplate" code (with comment) I use when creating a Desktop app:

// INCLUDES ====================================================================
#include <windows.h>

// FUNCTION PROTOTYPES =========================================================
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);

// entry point for a Windows application =======================================
int WINAPI wWinMain(_In_      HINSTANCE hInstance,
                    _In_opt_  HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
                    _In_      PWSTR szCmdLine,
                    _In_      int nWinMode)
{
   // define the window class name
   static const WCHAR szAppName[]  { L"MinimalWindowsApp" };

   // create an instance of the window class structure
   WNDCLASSEXW wc { };

   wc.cbSize        = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);
   wc.style         = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
   wc.lpfnWndProc   = WndProc;
   wc.cbClsExtra    = 0;
   wc.cbWndExtra    = 0;
   wc.hInstance     = hInstance;
   wc.hIcon         = (HICON)   LoadImageW(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION, IMAGE_ICON, 0, 0, LR_DEFAULTCOLOR);
   wc.hIconSm       = (HICON)   LoadImageW(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION, IMAGE_ICON, 0, 0, LR_DEFAULTCOLOR);
   wc.hCursor       = (HCURSOR) LoadImageW(NULL, IDC_ARROW, IMAGE_CURSOR, 0, 0, LR_SHARED);
   wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)  (COLOR_WINDOW + 1);
   wc.lpszMenuName  = NULL;
   wc.lpszClassName = szAppName;

   if (0 == RegisterClassExW(&wc))
   {
      MessageBoxW(NULL, L"Can't Register the Window Class!", szAppName, MB_OK | MB_ICONERROR);
      return E_FAIL;
   }

   // define the application title
   static const WCHAR szAppTitle[] { L"WinAPI Skeletal Application" };

   // create the window
   HWND hwnd { CreateWindowW(szAppName, szAppTitle,
                             WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
                             CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
                             CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
                             NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL) };

   // check if the window was created, exit if fail
   if (NULL == hwnd)
   {
      MessageBoxW(NULL, L"Unable to Create the Main Window!", szAppName, MB_OK | MB_ICONERROR);
      return E_FAIL;
   }

   // show and update the window
   ShowWindow(hwnd, nWinMode);
   UpdateWindow(hwnd);

   // enter the main message loop
   MSG msg;

   while (GetMessageW(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
   {
      // process the message
      TranslateMessage(&msg);
      DispatchMessageW(&msg);
   }

   // the app is done, exit normally, return control to Windows
   return (int) msg.wParam;
}

// processes the messages that Windows sends to the application ================
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
   // choose which Windows messages you want to use (handle)
   switch(message)
   {
   case WM_PAINT:
      HDC         hdc;
      PAINTSTRUCT ps;

      hdc = BeginPaint(hwnd, &ps);

      // draw some text centered in the client area
      RECT rect;
      GetClientRect(hwnd, &rect);
      DrawTextW(hdc, L"Hello, Windows!", -1, &rect, DT_SINGLELINE | DT_CENTER | DT_VCENTER);

      EndPaint(hwnd, &ps);
      return S_OK;

   case WM_DESTROY:
      // exit the application
      PostQuitMessage(0);
      return S_OK;
   }

   // let Windows process any unhandled messages
   return DefWindowProcW(hwnd, message, wParam, lParam);
}

I've been coding for so long I no longer need to allow a wizard to generate code for my projects. If'n I want a template I'll use my own.

[pistolpete1]

Thanks George I was loading from the wizard with precompiled headers on. Thanks for getting back so quick. I would prefer to start without the wizard as I move forward do you code on the visual ide or another one like block. I will analyze your template. Thanks again

[Geckoo]

http://www.winprog.org/tutorial/
You could appreciate these tutorial about Window API creation.
Everything is explained about Window. Useful ++

[George P]

I still use the wizard, since it is the best way to choose what type of app is created; console, desktop, DLL, etc.

I always check the "empty project" box so no files are added to the project. That way I can add whatever files I need, prewritten or new.

That Win32 code of mine above is a bit above minimums needed to make a working Windows GUI app. The WM_PAINT event is the only Windows message that is not strictly needed in every Win32 GUI app.

Here is a console mode app:

#include <iostream>

int main()
{
   std::cout << "Hello World!\n";
}

Here's the absolute bare minimum needed for a Windows app, similar to the console app above. It displays a message box:

#include <windows.h>

int WINAPI wWinMain(_In_     HINSTANCE hInstance,
                    _In_opt_ HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
                    _In_     PWSTR szCmdLine,
                    _In_     int iCmdShow)
{
   MessageBoxW(NULL, L"Hello World!", L"Hello Message", MB_OK);

   return 0;
}

Doing a Windows Desktop app is more complicated than doing a console mode app.

If you've never really done Win GUI programming a brief non-MS tutorial on doing Win32 API apps, AKA Windows Desktop, might be helpful.

http://www.winprog.org/tutorial/

Fair warning, the tutorial is years old, it was written when Win9x was "The Win OS" for most people. I can't guarantee the code will work without some changes. The Win API has changed over the years.

[Geckoo]

http://www.winprog.org/tutorial/

Some warnings (inconsistent annotation for wWinMain), but they work as expected. Clever ++

[George P]

Gee, Geckoo, I did mention there are no guarantees the code would work without some changes.

That could include warning(s) about "inconsistent annotations". SAL can be annoying, but it is used to make C code more robust when dealing with the Win32 API.

*SMH*